ON THE APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN VETERINARY AND HUMAN ORTHOPEDICS: IMPLANTATION AND PROSTHETICS
Eleonora T. Dzhafarova
Student, Department of Forensic Examination and Physical Materials Science,
Volgograd State University
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Prosp. Universitetsky, 100, 400062 Volgograd, Russian Federation
Sergey V. Boroznin
Candidate of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics), Associate Professor,
Head of the Department of Forensic Examination and Physical Materials Science,
Volgograd State University
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Prosp. Universitetsky, 100, 400062 Volgograd, Russian Federation
Abstract. The field of orthopedic implant materials has advanced greatly in recent years, with synthetic materials on the forefront of development. The use of biocompatible polymers has allowed for the creation of materials capable of reproducing anatomical structures, resorbing over time, or eliciting specific biological responses. Polyurethanes are particularly suitable for mechanical orthopedic devices, and nanotechnology has emerged as a critical component in improving orthopedic implants. Synthetic materials also allow for the modeling of implant behavior, thus increasing the likelihood of successful implantation procedures. The development of new composite coating methods that better mimic bone structure would lead to the creation of a new generation of orthopedic implants with improved implant integration and bone healing. The addition of antibiotics to nanohydroxyapatite mixtures has been shown to prevent bacterial growth, increasing the chances of successful infection treatment and reducing the risk of implant rejection. The use of spherical nanoparticles in nanohydroxyapatite synthesis allows for the creation of powders that can be formed into any desired shape, such as screws, plates, and other forms. In conclusion, synthetic materials hold the significant potential for improving orthopedic implant technology, offering a range of possibilities for reproducing anatomical structures, eliciting biological responses, and resorbing over time. The use of polyurethanes, nanotechnology, and composite coatings offers promising avenues for future development, while the addition of antibiotics to nanohydroxyapatite mixtures and the use of spherical nanoparticles in synthesis represent significant advances in the field.
Key words: exoprostheses, endoprostheses, implants, biocompatibility, mechanical strength of materials, nanotubes, polymethyl methacrylate, latest generation polymers.
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